Direct combustion power generation of agricultural and forestry biomass in circulating fluidized bed is the main technical route of biomass utilization. Power generation with biomass will embrace great opportunities and face more problems and challenges under the strategic goal of carbon peak and carbon neutral in China. In order to promote the development of the CFB boiler biomass power generation industry,the development status of biomass direct combustion power generation industry were investigated,the technical advantages of circulating fluidized bed boiler in biomass power generation industry were combed and the development history and key technological breakthroughs was analyzed systematically. Power generation of biomass direct combustion has developed rapidly in China and the world in recent years. The average growth rate of biomass power generation installed in China is about 20.3% each year since the 13th Five-Year Plan. CFB combustion technology is suitable for biomass due to its wide fuel adaptability,higher combustion efficiency and lower pollutant emission. At present,high pressure and ultra-high pressure CFB boilers are commonly used in new biomass power plants,and some units are equipped with once reheat cycle. The fluidization reconstruction technology on biomass circulating fluidized bed boilers has greatly reduced the auxiliary power consumption rate of the unit and further improved the boiler efficiency. Through the optimization of combustion temperature and air volume ratio,the original emission of nitrogen oxides is effectively controlled. In view of the high content of alkali metal of biomass fuel,the problems such as contamination and blockage of heating surface can be effectively reduced by optimizing the design of convective heating surface and lowering combustion temperature,and the availability of boiler is greatly improved.The main factors restricting the development of biomass power generation industry were pointed out at present,including high operating costs,uncertainty of state subsidies and backward level of enterprise management and control.With the decline of government subsidies for biomass power generation,industrial development will be limited. In view of the poor economy of biomass pure combustion power generation,small-capacity,ultra-high parameter units including ultra-high pressure once reheat and sub-critical units should be developed,which can effectively improve the power generation efficiency. With the establishment of carbon trading system,power generation by coal coupled biomass will be further popularized.