CO2 mineralization is one of the key technologies to meet the challenge of global warming and other ecological problems causedby the massive emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, which has become a major challenge to the survival of all mankind. The energyresource endowment pattern of " relatively coal-rich, oil-poor and gas-poor" has led to the fact that China′s main energy source is stilldominated by coal, which has a high CO2 emission intensity, and the industrial solid waste generated from the combustion of coal fly ashalso faces a huge problem of disposal. Compared with traditional mineralized raw materials, coal fly ash has received widespread attentiondue to its abundant reserves, easy accessibility and low transportation costs. Coal fly ash can achieve CO2 mineralization and sequestrationthrough direct and indirect mineralization, and reduce the environmental risks associated with the accumulation or disposal of coal fly ashwhile CO2 mineralization and sequestration is taking place. Under the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the use of coal fly ashto mineralize and sequester CO2 is an efficient strategy with great potential to combat global warming. The current status of coal fly ashemissions and utilization in China were described. The research progress of direct and indirect coal fly ash mineralization was reviewed, theadvantages and disadvantages of different mineralization processes were compared and analyzed, the regulation mechanism of the processparameters on the efficiency of coal fly ash mineralization in the process of CO2 mineralization was clarified. In order to address the lackof mechanistic explanation of CO2 mineralization from coal fly ash, the mechanisms of gas-liquid diffusion and other mechanisms controlling the mineralization rate during the mineralization process were clarified through the introduction of the shrinking nucleus model and thesurface coverage model, which were commonly used to describe the CO2 mineralization reaction. Finally, the existing problems and futureresearch directions of the coal fly ash mineralization process were analyzed, aiming to provide a reference for the use of coal fly ash solidwaste to mineralize CO2.