In order to cope with the problems of combustion instability of pulverized coal during deep peak shaving in thermal power boilers, an oxygen-rich stable combustion method was proposed, and coal powder airflow ignition tests were conducted in a one-dimensional furnace.The influence of oxygen concentration, primary air velocity and pulverized coal concentration on ignition distance of pulverized coal was studied.Four oxygen concentrations were selected for study, i.e. 21% (air), 25%, 30% and 35% in thd progress of experiments, the primary air speed was designed as 18, 23, 28 and 33 m/s respectively, and there werefive working conditions for coal powder concentration, namely 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 kg/kg (calculated by the mass of coal powder carried by each kilogram of air). The data from on the ignition distance of coal powder airflow were given under different working conditions, with detailed analysis on the experimental data and its variation rule. The results show that  the ignition distance will be shortened by 82.5 mm along with the increase of 1% in oxygen concentration, but the values of the shorten of ignition distance decrease gradually with the continuous increase of oxygen concentration. The variation rate in ignition distance shows an increasing trend with the increase of primary air velocity,especially when the wind speed is greater than 28 m/s, the primary air velocity has a significant effect on ignition distance. The influence of pulverized coal concentration on ignition distance appears to be complex, as the optimum pulverized coal concentration increases with the increase of oxygen concentration. By comparing the experimental results, it is concluded that the influence of oxygen concentration and primary air speed on ignition distance is greater than that of pulverized coal concentration. Finally, the mathematical model with specific reference to oxygen concentration and ignition distance of pulverized coal was fitted by experimental data, which revealed that there is an exponential function relationship between ignition distance and oxygen concentration.