With large-scale and intensive development of livestock breeding industry,a large and concentrated amount of livestock manure is produced. Due to the lack of close integration between animal husbandry and agriculture in China,as well as the excessive content of heavy metals and antibiotics in livestock manure,it is difficult to return livestock manure to the field. The preparation of bio-fuel from livestock manure by hydrothermal treatment can achieve its energy and innocuous utilization. Represented by the largest production of swine manure,its components and physicochemical properties were summarized,and the shortcomings of traditional treatment methods were discussed. The yield,combustion characteristics,and dewatering characteristics of swine manure residue after hydrothermal treatment were analyzed and summarized. Finally,the development prospects of using hydrothermal residue as bio-fuel were discussed. Swine manure contains hemicellulose,cellulose,lignin,protein,lipid and other components,and is rich in nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and other nutrients required for plant growth. After reasonable treatment,it can be used as a resource. Aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation techniques are difficult to efficiently degrade antibiotics in swine manure,and high concentrations of heavy metals in swine manure can also have adverse effects on the composting and fermentation process. Hydrothermal treatment is a promising technology for treating high moisture content biomass such as livestock manure. Swine manure can be converted into hydrothermal residue and hydrothermal residual liquid through hydrothermal treatment. The performance of hydrothermal residue is equivalent to that of lignite,and the hydrothermal residual liquid can be used for irrigation after appropriate dilution. In addition,hydrothermal treatment can effectively solidify heavy metals and degrade antibiotics. The degradation and dissolution of organic matter during hydrothermal treatment results in a decreasing trend in the yield of swine manure hydrothermal residue with increasing hydrothermal temperature. In the paradigm diagram,the hydrothermal residue of swine manure can reach the area of lignite,and its volatile matter and higher heating value can also reach the level of lignite. A large amount of bound water is converted into free water during the hydrothermal treatment process,improving the dewatering and drying characteristics of swine manure hydrothermal residue. In addition,alkali metals are easily dissolved into the hydrothermal residual liquid during hydrothermal treatment process,reducing the risk of slagging during the combustion of hydrothermal residue. Heavy metals are enriched in hydrothermal residue after hydrothermal treatment,and their leaching rate and ecological toxicity have been reduced. The excellent combustion characteristics and grindability of swine manure hydrothermal residue make it have the potential to co-combustion with coal,but it is necessary to modify the coal powder furnace appropriately and control reasonable parameters such as excess air coefficient. The co-hydrothermal treatment of swine manure with agricultural and forestry waste can reduce the ash content of the hydrothermal residue,increase the fixed carbon content and higher heating value. The economic issue of the hydrothermal treatment process for livestock manure is the main reason limiting its industrial application. By optimizing process design and other means,it is helpful for the practical application of hydrothermal treatment technology in the treatment of livestock manure.