China is the largest carbon dioxide (CO2) emission country in the world. As the most important source of carbon emissions, coal-fired power generation is in urgent need of transition to green and low-carbon development. The development trend of carbon emission reduction and the research status of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) at home and abroad were systematically sorted out. The engineering innovations and practices in coal-fired power plant CCUS were focused on. Furthermore, the 150 kt/a post-combustion CO2 capture, utilization for enhanced oil recovery, and storage demonstration project based on 600 MW capacity grade coal-fired power unit was built and put into operation on June 25, 2021, which is the largest project of its kind in China to date. The results show that the CCUS demonstration project is consist of 6 units, including washing, capture, compression, drying, liquefying, storage and loading. The new organic composite amine-based absorption technology is innovated and developed, and many new devices such as modified polypropylene plastic packing, tube-type falling film stripper reboiler, and so forth are developed and applied. In addition, the high-efficiency and energy-saving technique coupling with absorber inter-cooling, rich-split staged desorption, and mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) flash evaporation is innovatively formed. During the 168 h trial operation period, each unit of the CCUS demonstration project can operate stably under different loads which are between 50% and 100%. The industrial grade products of liquid CO2 with purity up to 99.5%, temperature ranging from -16 ℃ to -21 ℃, and pressure of about 2.0 MPa, are produced continuously. And the CO2 yield more than 18.75 t per hour under the full load condition, achieving a major breakthrough of low concentration (volume fraction 11%-15%), high flow rate (about 100 000 m3/h) coal-fired flue gas CO2 capture rate >90%, regeneration energy consumption <2.4 GJ/t (in terms of CO2), and overall performance index reaching international leading level, providing a guarantee for China′s coal power to cope with the 2060 carbon peak carbon neutral target. Therefore, it provides scientific and technological support for ensuring China′s coal-fired power to better achieve the 2060 goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality for the power system.