In order to realize efficient and clean resource utilization of medical waste, a power generation system coupling medical solid waste plasma gasification with coal-fired units was proposed. In the integrated system, medical waste is converted into high-quality synthetic gas in the plasma gasifier and directly sent to the coal-fired boiler for combustion after cooling. The heat released by the cooling of synthetic gas is used to heat the boiler feed water at the outlet of No.2 high-pressure heater in the thermal system of the coal-fired power plant, thus reducing the extraction of high-quality steam from the high-pressure cylinder of the turbine. In this paper, the plasma gasifier with a processing capacity of 6.72 t/h and a 660 MW coal-fired power generation unit were taken as research objects. Based on Aspen Plus platform, the original system and the integrated system were simulated, and the comparison before and after system integration was made through energy analysis, energy analysis and economic analysis. According to the first law of thermodynamics, after the system integration, the net power generation power is increased by 10.52 MW, and the net power generation efficiency at the garbage side has reached 36.21%. According to the second law of thermodynamics, before and after system integration, the increase of boiler loss is the largest, followed by condenser and turbine, and the total loss of gasification part is 5.11 MW. The total loss of the system is only increased by 0.27%, and the power generation efficiency at the garbage side of the system is 33.41%. According to the economic analysis results, the net present value of the medical solid waste treatment project within the life cycle can reach 457.646 6 million yuan, and the dynamic recovery period is 3.05 years. The integrated system has good thermodynamic and economic performance, which is expected to provide some guidance for engineering practice.