The CO2 produced by the large-scale combustion of coal aggravates the global warming and greenhouse effect. The sorption-enhanced steam gasification of coal using CaO-based materials could realize CO2 capture and H2 production simultaneously, which has a good industrial application prospect. On the basis of recent advances of sorption-enhanced steam gasification of coal using CaO-based materials, the system procedure of this technology was described. The reaction characteristics and activity reduction mechanism of calcium based materials for CO2 capture and enhanced hydrogen production in the system were reviewed. The methods to improve the cycling stability, CO2 capture  and catalytic hydrogen production  of calcium based materials were summarized. Migration pathways of alkali metal and other trace elements during steam gasification of coal using CaO-based materials were analyzed. The effects of trace elements on CO2 capture and enhanced H2 production of CaO-based materials were reviewed. The energy and economic analysis of this system based on kinetic calculations were described. The coupling  of calcium based materials enhanced coal gasification hydrogen production system and other renewable energy systems and its influence on hydrogen production characteristics were summarized. In view of the research progress and potential challenge of sorption-enhanced steam gasification of coal using Ca-based materials, the possible research directions in the future were prospected. It is believed that screening additives can improve the reaction  of calcium based materials in many aspects, and adopting decoupling gasification and coal/biomass co-gasification technology can achieve higher hydrogen production  and gasification conversion. It is of great significance to study the migration of trace elements in coal and the coupling with other renewable energy systems for the development of this technology.