With the acceleration of human society industrialization, greenhouse gas emissions have been increasing, leading to the intensification of the greenhouse effect. Among all greenhouse gases, CO2 accounts for the largest proportion and contributes the most,which is considered to be the main factor causing global warming. Anthropogenic CO2 emissions mainly come from the combustion of fossil fuels during industrial production. In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, CO2 capture and storage of industrial waste gases is an essential technological measure in addition to measures such as promoting clean energy, improving energy use efficiency and increasing plant carbon sinks. Currently, the main factor limiting the application of CO2 capture and separation processes is the high cost. To solve this problem, the development of the second generation of low energy consumption solid CO2 adsorbent materials is of great significance to promote CO2 emission reduction from industrial sources. Li4SiO4 shows good application prospects in the field of high temperature CO2 capture due to its high adsorption capacity, low regeneration energy consumption and cost. To promote the application of Li4SiO4 materials in carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) technology, this paper reviewed the current research progress of Li4SiO4-based adsorbent materials, introduced the effects of different synthesis methods and synthesis conditions on Li4SiO4 materials, discussed the methods of performance modification of the materials and their influence mechanisms, and summarized the pelleting of Li4SiO4 materials and their application technologies in recent years. The adsorption process of CO2 by Li4SiO4 in the double-shell model can be divided into chemical adsorption and pore diffusion, in which the diffusion process is the decisive step of CO2 adsorption by Li4SiO4. Through the regulation of the synthesis process, adsorbent materials with smaller particle size and porous structure can be obtained, thereby promoting the diffusion process of CO2. In addition, the active sites of the adsorbent can be improved by alkali metal salt loading, so as to improve its adsorption kinetics. For the material molding applications, the traditional extrusion granulation is likely to cause the destruction of Li4SiO4 particle channel structure and the reduction of specific surface area, which can be generally improved by template support and pore-forming agent. For the moulding materials, appropriate reactor and adsorption and desorption process matching are needed, and these aspects need to be further optimized. Finally, this paper summarized the current challenges in the development of Li4SiO4-adsorption materials and put forward the development trend of this field. Li4SiO4-based materials are undergoing a transition from basic research to engineering application. In addition to the demand for higher activity and stability of adsorption materials, their large-scale production and granulation, synthesis cost, energy consumption of adsorption and desorption, application scenarios and treatment and disposal of CO2 after capture are also key directions to be urgently studied.