CO2 resource utilization is an important way to reduce CO2 emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. Among them, the coupled catalytic conversion of CO2 with organic compounds has been considered as an effective and promising way to the resource utilization of CO2.The classical thermal catalytic coupling reaction are limited in their application due to the high energy consumption and increased carbon emissions caused by the more violent reaction conditions. Recent research shows that photocatalytic and electrocatalytic carbon dioxide coupled with organic compounds can directly utilize clean energy, which not only realizes the CO2 emission reduction and promotes sustainable development, but also can obtain high value-added chemicals such as carbonate and carboxylic acid, thus creating more economic value. The catalysis of this kind of reaction is usually based on the activation of organic molecules, supplemented by the activation of CO2 molecules. The substrate molecules are activated by light or electricity to generate high-energy active intermediates, so that the reaction can overcome thermodynamic obstacles. In this review, we summarized the recent advances of photocatalytic and electrocatalytic carbon dioxide coupled with organic compounds from the advantages of photocatalytic and electrocatalysis, reaction efficiency and reaction conditions. The activation strategies for different types of organic compounds and the reaction mechanisms of various reactions were discussed in detail. Finally, the current challenges in this field and the future development prospects were proposed. Photocatalysis is mainly used for CO2 insertion of C—O bond and C—H bond, and the main products are esters and carboxylic acids, respectively. The reactions are mostly carried out at ambient temperature and pressure. The cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxide has been widely studied, and its heterogeneous catalytic reaction has an ideal conversion rate and selectivity. The reaction of CO2 with hydrocarbons can achieve ideal carboxylic acid yield with suitable substrates, but it needs the catalysis of homogeneous catalyst. In addition, the common problems in photocatalytic reactions, such as low reaction rate and difficult use of visible light, need to be solved. Electrocatalysis is mainly used for CO2 insertion into C—X bond and C=C bond at the cathode. The main products are carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid, respectively. The reactions are mostly carried out at ambient temperature and pressure. Among them, C—X bond reduction carboxylation can be carried out efficiently on the electrode surface or in the presence of catalyst in solution, but the reaction often generates alkanes and other by-products. Reductive carboxylation of C=C bond does not require catalyst, but there is competition between monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids, and the product is more complex when the substrate is conjugated diene. In the study of this system, active metals are often used as sacrificial anodes. Therefore, in addition to improving the selectivity of a certain product, the efficient utilization of anodes should also be considered in the future study of this type of electrocatalytic reaction.