The goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutral" points out the direction and path for the low-carbon transformation and scientific and technological innovation in China′s power generation field. Under the background of the innovative development of the global energy and power industry, the development of power generation towards low-carbon, clean, intelligent, electrification, marketization and internationalization will become an inevitable trend. The current situation, existing problems and future technological development path of low-carbon transformation scientific and technological innovation in the field of power generation in China were analyzed in the direction of clean and efficient coal power generation, renewable energy power generation, nuclear energy, advanced energy storage and hydrogen energy. In order to adapt to the new power system based on new energy, the traditional main power supply gradually changes to the basic power supply in China′s coal-fired power units. However, most of the domestic units are designed according to the basic load, and the key indicators such as load regulation range and load change rate are far behind those of abroad. In addition, there are still the problems of low efficiency and high carbon emission of old units. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on flexible and intelligent power generation, ultra-high parameter coal-fired power generation, new and efficient coal-fired power generation, and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies. The hydropower technology in China has been improved in an all-round way and formed the integration capacity of whole industrial chain. However, it also needs to make efforts in high head, large capacity and ultra-low head generator units, safe and efficient operation and smart power stations. The wind power technology in China has made comprehensive research, deployment and breakthroughs in wind turbine design and manufacturing, wind farm development and operation and maintenance, equipment testing and certification, and standard system construction, and it also needs to tackle the key problems in the direction of large-scale, lightweight and low-cost wind power generation, promote the application of next-generation information and communication technology, and improve the localization rate of key components. The photovoltaic power generation technology in China is basically synchronized with the world. High efficiency and low cost are its main technical direction. The solar thermal power generation technology in China lags behind foreign countries with respect to systematic design and integrated operation, and it is necessary to develop solar thermal power generation technology with large capacity, high parameters, long-time heat storage and low cost. The geothermal power generation and marine power generation technologies in China are in the stage of basic research or technology research and verification, technical research and engineering demonstration still need to be strengthened in the future. In terms of nuclear filed, China already has a complete nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear industry system, and nuclear power technology is in the forefront of the world, however, problems still exist in basic technology, process, materials, software and other aspects. It is also necessary to strengthen the research in advanced nuclear energy systems and comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy, adhere to the technical route of closed nuclear fuel cycle, and continuously improve the safety of nuclear energy utilization. In terms of energy storage technology, At present, China′s energy storage filed is moving towards large-scale development, but there is still a gap between the energy storage industry and the overall healthy development, and the energy storage technology still needs to be developed in the direction of safety, long life, low cost and large-scale. In terms of hydrogen energy technology, China has formed a complete industrial chain, but hydrogen mainly comes from gray hydrogen. In the future, the development of electrolytic water to produce green hydrogen technology supported by large-scale photovoltaic power generation or wind power generation will become the focus.