Biomass energy has become a hot topic of energy field research due to its advantage of zero carbon dioxide emission and renewable energy. How to utilize biomass energy rationally and fully has been concerned by governments and scientific research institutions at home and abroad. The study on the influence mechanism of the three components of biomass (cellulosehe,micellulose and lignin) on the ignition and combustion behavior of biomass can be used for the selection of biomass species and evaluation of biomass and coal co-combustion in biomass power plants. Hencken flat flame burner and a high-speed camera were used to record the ignition delay time of three components of biomass,three types of biomass,and simulated biomass. Combined with the radiation energy temperature measurement technology,the combustion characteristics of three components of biomass,three types of biomass and simulated biomass were discussed,and the effects of biomass structure characteristics on the combustion characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the ignition delay time of lignin among the three components of biomass is the shortest,followed by hemicellulose,and cellulose has the longest ignition delay time,which are 2.08,4.16 and 7.52 s respectively. The ignition behavior of three kinds of biomass and the corresponding simulated biomass are obviously different,and this difference increases with the increase of lignin content in biomass. After the ignition of cellulose and hemicellulose coke,the combustion temperature increases sharply to more than 1 000 K,while the particle temperature increases relatively gently after the ignition of lignin coke. In addition,the ignition delay time of real biomass is longer than that of simulated biomass,and the ignition delay time of simulated biomass decreases with the increase of lignin content. For the real biomass,the trend of peak temperature curves of rice stalk and chestnut shell are close to each other,and the temperature of chestnut shell is higher at the beginning of combustion,while the temperature curve of bamboo is special.