With the continuous development of coal chemical industry,the emission of pollutants associated with core coal chemical processes such as coal coking and coal gasification has become increasingly prominent,among which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have a certain impact on China′s air quality. As one of the representatives of VOCs,benzene is poisonous and volatile,which seriously endangers the human health. In order to clearly understand the optimization direction and development status of VOCs emission control technology and provide theoretical reserves for the purification of benzene in VOCs in coal chemical industry,the relevant materials and technologies of electrospun nanofiber composites used in benzene adsorption and purification process was combed and summarized. Focusing on the main technical methods of treating benzene at present,its characteristics were analyzed,and the problems existing in the practical application of these technologies were pointed out. The advantages,action mode,types and characteristics of common adsorbents were focused on,and it is pointed out that selecting appropriate adsorbents is the core of adsorption treatment of VOCs,benzene and other pollutants. How to select,combine and improve the adsorption performance of various types of adsorbents and seek effective adsorption purification technology is a subject that needs to be continuously studied and improved. The nanofibers with porous structure,adjustable and high specific surface area and their application in the field of gas purification were introduced. From the perspective of nanofiber preparation,the basic principle,basic process and research status of electrospinning synthesis of nanofiber composites were expounded . The results shows that the advantages of electrospinning,such as simple equipment,low spinning processing cost,lots of raw materials accessible and controllable process,occupy an absolute advantage in the preparation of nanofiber technology. Compared with conventional fibers,electrospinning nanofibers have smaller size,larger specific surface area and higher porosity,which can provide a larger effective reaction area in the process of gas-solid reaction,improve the rich skeleton structure for the uniform and orderly distribution of active components. Combined with the application status of electrospinning nanofibers materials in VOCs purification,it is pointed out that there are some problems in this field,such as insufficient mechanical strength of electrospinning polymer nanofibers and carbon nanofibers,toxic and corrosive spinning solution solvents,and low electrospinning efficiency. Finally,the development direction of electrospinning nanofibers in the field of VOCs and benzene adsorption and purification was clarified：in-depth understanding and effective control of spinning process,functional expansion of spinning materials and the potential expansion of electrospinning towards industrial application.