The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis crude waxes,which were produced by indirect coal liquefaction demonstration units from China Energy Ningxia Coal,were separated into four narrow fraction waxes by solvent extraction coupled with fractional crystallization. The composition,structure and properties of the four narrow fraction waxes were investigated by Gas Chromatography (GC),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR),Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC),Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and other characterization methods. The results show that the four narrow fraction waxes are similar to each other in composition,with a normal distribution of carbon numbers and mainly composed of long-chain alkanes. With the increase of molecular weight of the narrow fraction waxes,their melting point,crystallization enthalpy,degree of branching of alkane and thermal stability all show an increasing trend. It can be concluded that solvent extraction coupled with fractional crystallization can obtain refined waxes products with different melting points according to requirements so that the crude waxes with low added value can be better separated.