The carbon-one chemical technology with the core of catalytic hydrogenation of CO, catalytic carbonylation and catalytic dehydration of methanol is a key technology of the modern coal chemical industry based on coal gasification. In the past decade, it has achieved great success in industrial application and has become the main way of clean and efficient utilization of coal. However, coal is not only a raw material, but also a fuel for the heat and power of the conversion process, which makes the carbon dioxide emissions in the modern coal chemical industry large and concentrated, with the characteristics of local strong emission. From the aspects of the low-carbon raw materials, the clean conversion of heat and power, innovation of thermal catalytic technology and catalysts, high selectivity of reaction products, and photo/electrocatalytic conversion technology of CO2, the development trend and prospects of carbon-one chemical technology under the dual-carbon model of emission peak and neutrality of carbon dioxide were discussed. With the development of clean new energy large-scale and low-cost "green hydrogen" preparation technology, reverse water-gas shift reaction or electrocatalytic CO2 reduction will be promoted to the "green CO" large-scale application. It will make a huge change in the carbon-one chemistry syngas feedstock, from the currently CO reverse water gas shift reaction to hydrogen by high-carbon fossil energy, to the CO2 inverse water gas shift reaction by the new clean "green hydrogen". That is, the change of syngas from "CO+H2" prepared by fossil energy sources towards "CO + green H2" with low carbon emissions or "green CO + green H2" with negative carbon emissions, in order to achieve the goal of emission peak and neutrality of carbon dioxide. The adoption of renewable clean energy sources such as near-zero carbon emission photovoltaic and wind power to replace the existing coal-fired boilers in the carbon-one chemistry, as well as the adoption of new energy-saving and emission reduction measures and inter-industry technology coupling to reduce energy consumption through optimal design, are also effective measures to reduce CO2 emissions to achieve emission peak and neutrality of carbon dioxide.