The burning of coal emits a lot of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, causing great environmental pollution. Solid adsorption method can effectively capture CO2 gas with the advantages of low cost, easy operation and high recovery rate, which is the main technology for removing CO2 in terminal treatment. Coal-based solid waste can be used to prepare zeolite adsorbents for CO2 capture. That not only effectively alleviates the environmental pollution caused by coal-based solid waste, but also achieves the goal of carbon emission reduction. The research progress of CO2 capture by synthesizing zeolite molecular sieve from coal-based solid waste was summarized. Firstly, the research status, advantages and disadvantages of coal-based solid waste synthesis zeolite molecular sieve technology were introduced. Then, the CO2 capture effect of coal-based solid waste zeolite molecular sieve was briefly described, the factors affecting the CO2 capture performance of coal-based solid waste zeolite molecular sieve were described, and the path to improve the CO2 capture effect of coal-based solid waste zeolite molecular sieve was proposed. Finally, the current challenges of CO2 capture technology with coal-based solid waste zeolite molecular sieve were summarized, and the future development direction of this field was forecasted.