In recent years, the discovery of a large number of low-ranking Zhundong Coalfield in the Junggar Basin in western China hasattracted extensive attention from scholars. The Zhundong Coalfield is the largest whole coal field discovered in China, with proven reservesof more than 390 billion tons, enough to supply China′s coal consumption for nearly 100 years. Zhundong coals, characterized by low ash,low sulfur, high reactivity, large reserves and easy exploitation, is a high-quality fuel for future coal chemical industry and coal powerprojects. However, the content of alkali metal sodium in Zhundong coals is relatively high, and sodium is easy to volatilize during combustion, resulting in a series of problems such as boiler fouling and slagging, especially sodium chloride and sodium sulfate migrationwill cause a series of ash-related problems, a serious constraint on the large-scale, efficient and clean utilization of Zhundong coal. Thus,the distribution and coal quality characteristics of Zhundong coals, as well as the occurrence and measurement methods of sodium contentwere reviewed in detail. The internal and external migration mechanism of sodium and the effects of inorganic elements such as aluminosilicate, chlorine, calcium and potassium in coal on sodium migration were highlighted. The effects of reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure, atmosphere, particle size and additives on sodium migration were comprehensively reviewed. Although a number of studiesincluding experiments, heat balance calculation and simulation have been carried out, the ash-related problems caused by alkali metal release have not been solved, and the understanding of the causes is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, the focus of this study is to review the research progress and reveal the mechanism of sodium migration.