Abstract: Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage （CCUS） is an essential approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the sole method for achieving low-carbon utilization of fossil fuels. Chemical absorption, recognized for its broad adaptability and mature technology, stands as one of the mainstream technologies for carbon capture today. However, it still faces challenges related to high energy consumption and costs, making the development of high-performance absorbents crucial to overcoming these issues. This paper systematically analyzes the advantages and disadvantages, current research and development status, and existing problems of various generations of absorbents from the perspective of generational evolution and multi-performance evaluation of chemical absorbents. It also elucidates the driving forces and R&D trends behind the development of each generation of absorbents. Furthermore, the paper quantitatively compares the intergenerational differences of these absorbents in key indicators such as absorption capacity, viscosity, volatility, degradability, and regeneration energy consumption, and assesses current research hotspots and trends. Lastly, it provides an outlook on the directions that urgently need breakthroughs in CO₂ capture via chemical absorption and offers relevant development suggestions. Overall, through multiple generations of development, absorbents have made significant progress in reducing energy consumption, but challenges such as the difficulty in balancing high load-low energy consumption-high viscosity-easy degradation and high desorption temperatures remain. It is recommended to focus on R&D breakthroughs in quantitative evaluation and database establishment of absorbents, development of artificial intelligence models, research on new absorbents for low-temperature regeneration, integration of regeneration and low-grade heat utilization processes, external field-catalysis synergistic processes, and fusion of multi-generation technologies, to synergistically enhance capture efficiency and economic viability.