Abstract: In response to the urgent need to address global climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the development of efficient and cost-effective CO₂ capture technologies has become a primary focus of scientific research. In this context, Metal-Organic Frameworks （MOFs） and Covalent Organic Frameworks （COFs）, along with their derivatives, have emerged as prominent areas of study due to their unique physicochemical properties. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes recent advancements in CO₂ adsorption research related to MOFs, COFs, and other porous structures. Herein, It compares and explores the performance optimization strategies for CO₂ capture in MOFs, COFs, and their derivatives. The focus is on aspects such as material design and synthesis, CO₂ adsorption performance evaluation, and adsorption mechanism analysis. The key factors influencing structural adsorption performance were comprehensively summarized, with particular emphasis on the impact of structural functionalization, pore size modulation, surface property enhancement, and composite materials on CO₂ adsorption capacity. Additionally, it discusses the combined experimental and theoretical approaches used to reveal the interaction mechanisms between adsorbents and adsorbates, providing molecular-level insights. Finally, the paper addresses existing problems and challenges in current research and proposes directions and recommendations for future studies.