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    低阶煤含酚氨热解废水零排放处理技术进展

    Research progress on zero discharge technology of phenol ammonia wastewater produced by pyrolysis of low rank coal

    • 摘要: 从技术原理和优缺点等方面论述了常用的7种热解废水处理技术,对每种技术处理热解废水的可行性进行了对比分析。采用“预处理—生化处理—深度处理—浓盐水处理”技术路线处理热解废水时,出水能够达到排放要求,并可对水资源进行回用,在一定程度上实现了热解废水的零排放,适用于水资源缺乏地区,但该流程工艺复杂,且技术路线对微生物的依赖性强,而微生物对于烃类有机物及氨酚等有毒物质的耐受程度有限,限制了其对高浓度热解废水的处理能力。相比之下,热处理技术通过可控的高温化学反应来破坏有害物质的分子结构,不受水温、水质的影响,可以更好地去除热解废水中的有机物和有害物质,生成CO2和H2O等无害物质,真正实现热解废水的零排放,是一种非常有潜力的热解废水处理技术。最后提出了半焦高温后燃协同热解废水焚烧一体化技术,煤首先在流化床热解炉中热解,热解过程中产生的热解废水在压缩空气雾化下喷入燃烧炉中,以煤热解后的半焦燃烧放热为热解废水高温焚烧提供热量,炉膛内的还原性气氛使含氮有机物绝大部分转化为NH3、HCN和N2,燃烧炉内产生的NOx浓度较低。在高温后燃室内喷入后燃风,可将燃烧炉内未反应完全的CO及残炭充分燃烧,保证系统燃烧效率,后燃室内高温烟气的热量可产生高温蒸汽用于发电和供热。半焦高温后燃协同热解废水焚烧一体化技术将低阶煤的梯级利用与高温后燃技术相结合,利用循环流化床高温后燃技术的优势降低半焦和热解废水燃烧过程中的污染物排放,在高温环境下将有机有害物质完全分解的同时保证NOx、SO2等污染物的原始排放达标,具有广阔的应用前景。若对废液焚烧条件进行深入探索、提高废液处理量,该技术不仅可用来处理热解废水,还可处理其他工业废水,能有效缓解我国废液处理问题。

       

      Abstract: In this paper, seven commonly used pyrolytic wastewater treatment technologies were discussed from the aspects of technical principle, advantages and disadvantages, and the feasibility of each technology to treat pyrolytic wastewater was compared and analyzed. When the technical route of "pretreatment—biochemical treatment—advanced treatment—concentrated brine treatment" is adopted to treat pyrolytic wastewater, the effluent can meet the discharge requirements and reuse the water resources. The zero discharge of pyrolytic wastewater can be achieved to a certain extent, which is suitable for the areas lacking water resources. However, the process is complex, and the technical route is highly dependent on microorganisms, while the tolerance of microorganisms to hydrocarbon organics and aminophenol and other toxic substances is limited, which limits their treatment capacity for high concentration pyrolytic wastewater. The thermal treatment technologies destroy the molecular structure of various harmful substances through high-temperature chemical reactions which are not affected by water quality and water temperature. They can oxidize the organic and harmful substances in pyrolytic wastewater into harmless substances CO_2 and H_2O,which truly realizes zero discharge of pyrolytic wastewater. It is a very potential pyrolytic wastewater treatment technology. In this paper, the integrated technology of semi-coke high-temperature post-combustion and collaborative pyrolytic waste water incineration was finally proposed. Coal is first pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, and the pyrolytic wastewater generated during pyrolysis is sprayed into the combustion furnace under compressed air atomization. The heat released from semi-coke combustion after coal pyrolysis is used to provide heat for high-temperature incineration of pyrolytic wastewater. The reducing atmosphere in the furnace makes the majority of nitrogenous organic matter converted into NH_3,HCN and N_2,and the NO_x concentration produced in the combustion furnace is low. Post-combustion air is sprayed into the high-temperature post-combustion chamber, which can fully burn the unreacted CO and carbon residue in the combustion furnace to ensure the combustion efficiency of the system. The heat of high-temperature flue gas in the post-combustion chamber can generate high-temperature steam for power generation and heating. The integrated technology of high-temperature post-combustion of char and pyrolytic wastewater incineration combines the utilization of low rank coal with high-temperature post-combustion technology, and the advantages of post-combustion technology are used to reduce the emission of pollutants in the combustion process of char and pyrolytic wastewater. The key of this technology is to decompose the organic hazardous substances completely and ensure the original emission of NO_x,SO_2 and other pollutants to meet the standards, which has a broad development prospect. If the conditions of waste liquid incineration are further explored and the amount of waste liquid treated is increased, this technology can be used to treat not only pyrolytic wastewater, but also other industrial wastewater, which can effectively alleviate the problem of waste liquid treatment in China.

       

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