Abstract: Hydrogen, as a low-carbon energy carrier, plays a crucial role in decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors. With the acceleration of the global energy transition and the expansion of hydrogen applications in various fields, building efficient and stable hydrogen supply chains has become a key prerequisite for the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. Coupling green renewables with hydrogen supply chains mitigates curtailment and resource wastage. This synergy subsequently improves the operational flexibility of low-carbon power systems. In recent years, research methodologies for optimizing green hydrogen supply chains have advanced rapidly. The modeling and optimization methods for the green hydrogen supply chain were systematically categorized and analyzed to identify overlooked details and research gaps. Through a systematic analysis of each section within the green hydrogen supply chain network, the coupling relationships were illustrated and critical technologies were evaluated. A comprehensive review and critical analysis of relevant literature are conducted along two dimensions: network design optimization and operational optimization of green hydrogen supply chains. Despite progress in multi-period planning, multi-objective trade-offs, and collaborative optimization, gaps re-main in detailed modeling of conversion/transport units and their integration with high-resolution operational strategies. Furthermore, the common characteristics of mathematical models were systematically sorted out, and the decision variables, evaluation indicators, and common constraints of the system were summarized. Additionally, the general modeling and optimization methods were reviewed, and the application scenarios and features of mathematical programming, multi-objective optimization algorithms, and uncertainty modeling methods were compared and analyzed. Finally, the deficiencies of the existing work were pointed out from the aspects of full-chain refined modeling and multi-time scale coupling, and the future research directions were prospected.