Abstract: With the increasingly severe global climate problem, the importance of carbon capture technology in achieving the“dual carbon”goal is becoming more prominent. The development of efficient and low-energy advanced CO₂ solid adsorption materials is a research hotspot in carbon capture. Coal asphalt, as a derivative of coal thermal conversion, not only has high carbon content, low cost, and high yield, but also its derived porous carbon adsorbent has excellent physical and chemical properties and structural stability, showing great potential in CO₂ capture. The article summarizes the preparation methods and carbon capture performance improvement strategies of coal asphalt-based adsorbents, providing important reference and technical support for the development of low-cost and high-performance carbon capture adsorbents using coal asphalt. Firstly, the adsorption mechanism of coal asphalt-based adsorbent is introduced and its composite adsorption mechanism in carbon capture process is elaborated. Then, the characteristics and progress of preparing coal asphalt-based porous carbon based on template method, activation method and other methods are discussed in detail. On this basis, the strengthening mechanisms of strategies such as heteroatom doping, metal doping modification, and other modification techniques in improving the capture performance of coal asphalt-based porous carbon are further comprehensively reviewed. The effects of current performance improvement methods on the pore structure and CO₂ adsorption performance of coal tar pitch based porous carbon are discussed. Finally, focusing on the bottleneck problems that urgently need to be solved in the practical application of coal tar pitch based porous carbon in carbon capture, the future development prospects are discussed in combination with different process optimization technologies.