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    面向低碳化工的合成气氢碳比调控技术研究进展

    Research progress in n(H2)/n(CO) regulation technology of syngas for low-carbon chemical industry

      摘要
    • 摘要: 合成气中氢碳物质的量比（n(H2)/n(CO)）的精准调控是实现高附加值化学品高效制备的关键因素，也是煤化工及相关过程低碳转型的核心技术之一，直接决定下游化学品合成工艺的生产效率、能耗及碳排放。传统的水煤气变换反应（Water–Gas Shift reaction，WGS）作为最常用的合成气n(H2)/n(CO)调控手段，虽然工艺成熟，但受限于反应热力学平衡与催化剂稳定性等瓶颈，并且在反应过程中会不可避免地产生额外CO2。为突破传统n(H2)/n(CO)调控工艺的局限，从多元化角度阐述了合成气n(H2)/n(CO)调控策略：外源氢气引入可实现快速而精确的n(H2)/n(CO)调节，但该方案在大规模应用中仍受限于制氢成本与基础设施建设；新兴短流程催化技术（如CO2电催化、光催化）可在反应过程中直接生成具有定制化n(H2)/n(CO)的合成气，但目前该方案合成气产量与工业生产对合成气需求量不匹配；过程强化与系统耦合（如多重整耦合、吸附强化水煤气变换、膜反应器耦合、生物质气化集成吸附强化水煤气变换与逆Boudouard反应、共气化等）通过多反应协同、反应生成物原位移除、反应路径集成和原料互补等途径，实现了合成气生产与n(H2)/n(CO)调控以及能效提升与碳减排的协同。通过整体分析发现，合成气n(H2)/n(CO)调控技术正从“单元优化”向“系统集成协调优化”转变，为构建低碳化、短流程、高灵活性的绿色合成气生产加工利用平台提供支撑，并对实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。

       

      Abstract: Precise regulation of the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio （n（H2）/n（CO）） in syngas is a key factor for the efficient preparation of high-value-added chemicals and represents one of the core technologies for the low-carbon transition of the coal chemical industry and related processes. It directly determines the production efficiency, energy consumption, and carbon emissions of downstream synthesis processes. Although the conventional Water–Gas Shift （WGS） reaction is the most commonly used method for n（H2）/n（CO） adjustment, it is constrained by thermodynamic equilibrium and catalyst stability, and inevitably generates additional CO2 during the reaction process. To break through the limitations of traditional n（H2）/n（CO） regulation processes, this review elaborates on regulation strategies from a diversified perspective: the introduction of exogenous hydrogen enables rapid and precise n（H2）/n（CO） adjustment, but its large-scale application is still limited by hydrogen production costs and infrastructure construction; emerging short-process catalytic technologies （such as CO2 electrocatalysis and photocatalysis） can directly generate syngas with customized n（H2）/n（CO） during the reaction, yet their current production yields do not match industrial-scale demand; process intensification and system coupling （including multi-reforming coupling, Sorption-Enhanced Water–Gas Shift, membrane reactor coupling, biomass gasification integrated with SEWGS and the reverse Boudouard reaction, and co-gasification） achieve synergy between syngas production, n（H2）/n（CO） regulation, energy efficiency enhancement, and carbon emission reduction through multi-reaction synergy, in-situ product removal, reaction path integration, and feedstock complementarity. Overall analysis reveals that syngas n（H2）/n（CO） regulation technology is shifting from “unit optimization” toward “systematic integrated coordination and optimization,” providing support for building a low-carbon, short-process, and highly flexible green syngas production and utilization platform, which is of great significance for achieving China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.

       

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