Abstract: To meet the urgent demand for efficient and low-carbon power generation in distributed energy systems under the “dual carbon” goals, The overall performance and core component technologies of micro gas turbines （MGTs） are comprehensively reviewed. Based on an extensive literature survey and comparative analysis of representative commercial products, key performance indicators of MGT systems are evaluated, and the technological gaps between domestic and international developments are identified. Particular attention is given to the design challenges and optimization strategies with four critical components: the compressor, turbine, combustor, and recuperator. Significant disparities remain in core component technologies and system integration levels between domestic and advanced international MGTs. In compressors, passive flow control techniques have been shown to effectively alleviate low-Reynolds-number flow losses and enhance aerodynamic performance. Turbine temperature capability and service life are primarily constrained by material limits, relying on advances in high-temperature alloys and thermal protection technologies. For combustors, advanced combustion combustion concepts- including rich-burn/quick-quench/lean-burn （RQL）, flameless oxidation, and micro mix combustion- demonstrate strong potential for achieving high efficiency, ultra-low NO_x emissions, and broad fuel adaptability. With respect to recuperators, most existing MGT systems employ metallic primary surface designs, whereas ceramic recuperators are considered a promising pathway to further improve heat recovery and raise overall system efficiency toward the 40% level. Micro gas turbines are therefore regarded as a key enabling technology for future distributed energy networks. Continued progress is expected to depend on sustained innovations in materials, aerodynamic and thermal design, and control strategies of core components, as well as deeper integration with renewable energy systems.