Abstract: Chromium and its compounds are important chemical raw materials used in various industrial fields such as electroplating, leather tanning, and catalysis. However, with the rapid development of industry, chromium pollution has become one of the important environmental issues. Chromium(Ⅵ) has strong toxicity and can be absorbed by the human body through respiratory, digestive, and skin pathways, posing a health hazard. Therefore, it is urgent to effectively control and restoration chromium pollution. At present, the treatment methods for chromium containing wastewater mainly include physical, chemical, and biological methods, aiming to effectively remove or transform chromium ions in the system, thereby reducing their potential harm to the environment and human health. Although Cr(Ⅲ) is a relatively stable form, it may transform into more toxic Cr (Ⅵ) under specific conditions, so its control and restore have important environmental significance. For the treatment of chromium containing sludge, stabilization, heat treatment, and resource utilization are mainly used, and the treatment effect is influenced by multiple factors such as the valence state of chromium and so on, in recent years, research has found that the use of layered double metal hydroxides （LDHs） materials can fix heavy metal chromium ions through eutectic substitution, forming a more stable ultra stable mineralization structure, significantly reducing their mobility and bioavailability in the environment, providing a new approach for the remediation of water bodies and soils. In addition, the development of low toxicity or chromium free alternative materials is also considered an important direction, and some transition metals have shown certain substitution potential in fields such as electroplating, leather tanning, and catalysis. It is worth noting that LDHs demonstrate application advantages in chromium resource substitution, such as showing good development prospects in corrosion-resistant coatings and catalysts. This article systematically reviews the main treatment technologies and their advantages and disadvantages for chromium containing wastewater and sludge, and introduces the research progress on chromium resource recovery and substitution strategies, providing theoretical support and technical reference for future chromium pollution control.