Abstract: The proportion of nuclear power in the global energy system is gradually increasing as the demand for clean energy grows. However, the radioactive ¹⁴C emissions generated during its operation have raised significant concerns. With a long half-life, ¹⁴C participates in the global carbon cycle and poses risks to human health. Therefore, reducing its emissions is of great importance for the development of nuclear power safety and environmental protection. The generation pathways and forms of radioactive ¹⁴C in nuclear power plants are briefly introduced. Industrial CO₂ capture technologies are elaborated on from three perspectives: adsorption, absorption, and membrane separation methods. The principles, advantages, disadvantages, and research progress of each method are analyzed to provide a reference for ¹⁴CO₂ capture in nuclear power plants.Among industrial CO₂ capture technologies, the absorption method typically offers higher absorption efficiency and relatively lower costs, making it more suitable for large-scale industrial applications. However, it still faces challenges related to solvent performance, energy consumption, and equipment costs. The study then focuses on the separation and solidification processes of radioactive ¹⁴CO₂ in nuclear power plants, covering dry CO₂ adsorption technology, wet CO₂ absorption technology, and other separation methods. The parameters and performance of different processes are compared. While these technologies can achieve CO₂ separation and fixation, each has its limitations. The adsorption method is characterized by high efficiency and stability, but physical adsorption is affected by impurity gases, limited by adsorption capacity and cost, while chemical adsorption faces challenges in adsorption rate and stability. The absorption method offers a higher decontamination factor and absorption efficiency, but its performance is significantly influenced by process conditions, requiring precise control of parameters to effectively separate CO₂. Finally, the study discusses future research directions for ¹⁴CO₂ separation technology in nuclear power plants. This provides valuable insights for the efficient separation and solidification of radioactive ¹⁴CO₂, contributing to the clean, safe, and sustainable development of nuclear power.