Abstract: In order to achieve the best balance between regional ecological protection and economic development,the adaptive management theory of coal power base was discussed based on regional ecological security,starting from the systematicness and complexity of environmental problems in coal power base.The management objects,objectives and contents were discussed in depth,and the theoretical framework of adaptive management was constructed.The management objectives including resource development objectives,economic benefits objectives and ecological benefits objectives were determined; the management contents mainly include regional ecological security assessment,adaptive management suggestions and adjustment of management schemes; and the adaptive management framework with feedback function is established.Taking the coal power base in Xilinguole League of eastern grassland as an example,the adaptive management theory of coal power base based on regional ecological security is gradually clear and tends to be specific,which also provides reference for the evaluation and prediction of ecological security of coal power base in eastern grassland.The results show that: the coordination of ecological security in Xilinguole League is poor,and the overall ecological carrying capacity and ecosystem service value still need to be improved; in the view of the regional ecological security problems in Xilinguole,the coordination degree of ecological security in Xilinguole League should be further analyzed in terms of the coupling and coordination of ecosystem; the current situation of land use should be adjusted and a new land use pattern Bureau should be established to minimize human interference and destruction.