Abstract: Driven by the “dual carbon” goals, carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology, which converts CO2 from coal chemical tail gas or industrial capture and green hydrogen into syngas, has become a key to achieving greenhouse gas emission reduction. The reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction, capable of converting CO2 and H2 into syngas (CO+H2), serves as a core hub technology connecting CO2 capture with downstream Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and methanol production, holding significant importance for realizing the carbon neutrality goal. However, the endothermic nature of this reaction requires high-temperature operation (>400℃) to achieve considerable CO2 conversion and CO selectivity. Although traditional noble metal catalysts (Pt, Pd, Rh) exhibit excellent activity, their high cost hinders large-scale application. Therefore, the development of non-noble metal catalysts with high activity, high stability, and low cost has become a current research focus. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of non-noble metal RWGS catalysts such as oxides, transition metal carbides/nitrides, and phosphides, reveals the dynamic competition law between redox and associative mechanisms, and summarizes performance enhancement strategies including oxygen vacancy engineering and interface synergy. It points out that the noble metal-like electronic structure of carbides/nitrides and the high selectivity of phosphides are the current core advantages, while insufficient low-temperature activity and high large-scale preparation cost are the main challenges. Finally, the development direction combining atomic-scale synthesis and in-situ characterization is prospected.