Abstract: In recent years,with the continuous development of world economy and the increasing population,energy consumption is continuously increasing. The consumption of fossil energy has caused the increasing CO_2 emission. In order to alleviate the rising trend of global carbon emissions,China has pledged to reach CO_2 emission peak in 2030 and achieve CO_2 emission in 2050. In order to achieve this goal,it is necessary to develop the clean and efficient use of fossil energy. Oxy-fuel combustion is one of the most promising carbon capture technology for coal power plant. In this paper,the particulate matter and ash deposit formation in oxy-fuel combustion were systematically reviewed. The influence mechanism of oxygen concentration,pressure and fuel characteristics on the formation of particulate matter and ash deposition characteristics was introduced. Particulate matters generated from oxy-fuel combustion can be divided into submicron and micron particles. Submicron particles are formed through vaporization,nucleation and coagulation,while micron particles are formed through char fragmentation. Higher oxygen concentration can lead to the increase of flame temperature. On the one hand,more ash is vaporized at high temperature,which promotes the formation of submicron particles; on the other hand,. more alkali contents can be scavenged from submicron particles due to the enhanced interaction between alkali vapors and aluminosilicate particles. It is also found that elevated pressure can inhibit the formation of submicron particles. However,the effect of oxygen concentration and pressure on the yield or composition of micron particles is not obvious. Ash deposits are mainly formed through inertial impaction,thermophoresis,condensation and chemical reaction. More ash deposits are formed under oxy-fuel combustion with higher oxygen concentration,this can be explained from two reasons. Firstly,due to the increase of flue gas temperature,ash particles have lower viscosity and thus are easier to be captured on heat transfer surface. Secondly,more submicron particles can migrate to the surface of heat exchanger to form ash deposits through thermophoresis force. Although compositions of outside deposits are not significantly affected by oxygen concentration,compositions of inside deposits change along with submicron particles because submicron particles contribute the formation of inside deposits. When the pressure increases,the sulfur content in the ash increases and the chlorine content decreases,,but the effect of pressure on ash deposition rate is still unclear.