Abstract: With the increasing severity of environmental pollution, carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology has become a crucial means to mitigate climate change. Magnesium oxide （MgO） and calcium oxide （CaO） based adsorbents have been widely studied due to their advantages of widely available sources, low cost, and high theoretical adsorption capacity. However, as the adsorption-desorption cycle progresses, the adsorbent particles undergo agglomeration, decreased pore volume, and reduced specific surface area, leading to a significant decrease in adsorbent activity, limiting the widespread application of MgO and CaO-based adsorbents in industry. Therefore, enhancing the anti-sintering performance of MgO and CaO-based adsorbents has become a research hotspot, which can be improved by doping metal elements. In order to enable researchers to select and design dopant elements more purposefully, this work summarized the different action mechanisms of doped metal elements on MgO-based adsorbents and CaO-based adsorbents, as well as the effects of different metal elements on the structure and performance of adsorbents. On the one hand, composite materials can be prepared by adding metal oxides, and the doped metal oxides with high Tamm temperature can act as inert components to inhibit adsorbent particle agglomeration and structural collapse. Doping metal oxides rich in oxygen vacancies can increase the number of oxygen vacancies on the adsorbent, promoting the diffusion of CO₂ molecules and the migration of O²⁻ ions. The presence of oxygen vacancies can also build solid ion transport channels, leading to a unique three-stage mechanism （reaction-coupling-diffusion） during carbonation, thereby enhancing the anti-sintering ability and adsorption performance of the adsorbent. On the other hand, doping alkali metal elements causes the crystal lattice distortion of MgO-based adsorbents and CaO-based adsorbents, resulting in the formation of higher concentrations of crystal defects, thereby enhancing ion migration rates and improving the adsorption kinetics based on surface reactions, thereby accelerating the carbonation reaction rate and enhancing CO₂ adsorption performance. The different mechanisms may simultaneously exist in the reaction. In the future, it is crucial to concentrate on enhancing the regeneration efficiency of adsorbents and minimizing energy consumption during reactions following metal doping. Additionally, investigating the influence patterns of metals with similar doping mechanisms on adsorption performance is essential. Furthermore, evaluating the performance of adsorbents under industrial application conditions will facilitate the selection of appropriate metal elements for subsequent experimental studies. This approach will aid in designing cost-effective and high-performance metal-doped adsorbents, thereby advancing their large-scale industrial application.