高级检索

    溶剂预处理辅助热解退役风电叶片资源化回收研究

    Solvent Pretreatment-assisted Pyrolysis for Recycling of Retired Wind Turbine Blades

    • 摘要: 随着风电产业快速发展,大量服役期满的退役风电叶片进入报废阶段,其主要成分为玻璃纤维复合材料,结构稳定、常规处理难度大,易造成资源浪费与生态环境污染,开发绿色高效的资源化回收技术具有重要现实意义。溶剂预处理耦合热解的复合回收工艺是最具潜力的回收方法之一,实验探究了二丙二醇甲醚(DPM)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、丙酮三种不同溶剂预处理以及热解温度对叶片热解产物分布、热解气组分、热解油化学构成,以及回收玻璃纤维性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,溶剂极性与溶胀能力很大程度上决定了环氧树脂基体的弱化效果,其中丙酮的溶胀作用较为突出,可有效破坏树脂三维交联网络,促进树脂热解反应的进行。在低温热解条件下,经丙酮预处理后树脂分解率大幅提升,热解油产率可达66.0wt.%。热解温度是统筹树脂脱除效果与玻璃纤维结构完整性的核心因素。温度偏低时树脂裂解不完全,纤维表面附着大量残炭与树脂残渣,回收纤维洁净度差、利用价值低;温度过高则会引发玻璃纤维热损伤,使其表面出现微裂纹、蚀坑等缺陷,造成力学性能大幅衰减。试验表明丙酮预处理条件下400℃为最佳热解温度,该条件下可高效脱除树脂基体,最大程度保留纤维原始形貌与结构性能,回收玻璃纤维单丝强度相较于480℃工况提升6.7%,而溶剂种类与预处理时长对纤维力学性能影响相对较弱。GC-MS检测结果显示,叶片热解油主要成分为苯酚及其烷基取代酚类衍生物,富含双酚A等高价值化工中间体,资源化利用潜力巨大;热解气以CO2、H2、CO及低碳烃类为主,通过调控溶剂类型与热解温度,可实现热解气组分定向调控。该工艺操作简便、实用性强,可为退役风电叶片规模化、低碳化、循环利用提供技术支撑。

       

      Abstract: With the rapid development of the wind power industry, a large number of retired wind turbine blades (WTB) have reached the end of their service life and entered the scrapping stage. These blades are mainly composed of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites, which feature stable structures and are difficult to dispose of through conventional methods. Therefore, developing green and efficient resource recycling tech-nologies is of great practical significance. The combined recycling technology integrating solvent pretreatment and pyrolysis is one of the most promising recycling approaches. In this study, three solvents including dipro-pylene glycol methyl ether (DPM), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetone were adopted. The effects of sol-vent type, pretreatment duration and pyrolysis temperature on pyrolysis product distribution, pyrolysis gas composition, chemical constituents of pyrolysis oil and properties of recycled glass fibers were systematically investigated. The optimal process parameters were determined. The experimental results indicate that the polari-ty and swelling capacity of solvents largely govern the weakening effect on epoxy resin matrix. Among all test-ed solvents, acetone presents outstanding swelling performance, which can effectively destroy the three-dimensional cross-linked network of epoxy resin and facilitate the progress of resin pyrolysis. Under low-temperature pyrolysis conditions, acetone pretreatment achieves a pyrolysis oil yield of 66.0 wt.%, which great-ly improves the resin decomposition efficiency. Pyrolysis temperature serves as a core factor balancing resin removal efficiency and structural integrity of glass fibers. Insufficient pyrolysis at low temperatures leads to incomplete resin decomposition, leaving abundant char residues and polymer debris attached to fiber surfaces, which results in low cleanliness and poor reusability of recycled fibers. Excessively high temperature will cause thermal damage to glass fibers, forming surface defects such as microcracks and pits and sharply deteriorating their mechanical properties. Experimental verification confirms that 400 °C is the optimal pyrolysis tempera-ture under acetone pretreatment. At this temperature, the matrix resin can be efficiently removed while the orig-inal morphology and structural properties of glass fibers are well preserved. The tensile strength of recycled fibers at 400 °C is 6.7% higher than that at 480 °C. In contrast, solvent category and pretreatment time exert relatively slight influences on fiber mechanical properties. GC-MS analysis demonstrates that pyrolysis oil is mainly composed of phenol and its alkyl-substituted phenolic derivatives, which are rich in high-value chemi-cal intermediates such as bisphenol A and possess great potential for resource utilization. Pyrolysis gas is domi-nated by CO2, H2, CO and low-carbon hydrocarbons. Targeted regulation of pyrolysis gas composition can be realized by adjusting solvent type and pyrolysis temperature to meet diverse energy utilization demands. This proposed process is simple to operate and highly practical, which can provide reliable technical support for the large-scale, low-carbon and cyclic utilization of retired wind turbine blades.

       

    /

    返回文章
    返回