Abstract: As China’s primary energy source, the green and low-carbon transformation of coal production is crucial for achieving the “dual-carbon goals” and advancing ecological civilization construction. Guided by the green and low-carbon development needs of coal production enterprises, the construction logic and core content of the green and low-carbon standard system are systematically studied by integrating domestic policy requirements and industry practices. By sorting out practical cases of enterprises such as National Energy Group, China Coal Pingshuo Group Co., Ltd. and Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., it clarifies that the green and low-carbon standard system should cover six core dimensions: development and mining & surface control, ecological environment protection, comprehensive utilization of resources, energy conservation and emission reduction, safety and occupational health, and digital mine construction. Additionally, hierarchical evaluation indicators and implementation paths are proposed. Research shows that a scientific green and low-carbon standard system can effectively reduce the environmental disturbance caused by coal production, improve resource utilization efficiency, provide standardized support for coal enterprises to achieve safe, efficient, and low-carbon development, and hold important practical significance for promoting the transformation and upgrading of the coal industry.