Abstract: Against the backdrop of technological development and sustainable energy demand, China has made significant achievements in the field of new energy, but the characteristics of new energy pose challenges to the operation of the power system. The new power system relies on intelligent and flexible technology to respond. Although energy storage is widely used, it faces many problems and needs to explore value enhancement and optimization configuration strategies. At the same time, energy storage systems have high investment costs and varying returns, and research on carbon emission factors in the power grid continues to deepen. However, existing research has failed to effectively coordinate the consumption of new energy with the low-carbon nature of the power grid. To this end, a layered capacity configuration scheme for energy storage is proposed. The upper layer considers the cost of energy storage configuration and the carbon emission factor of the power grid, while the lower layer considers the consumption rate of new energy and the processing cost of thermal power units. Based on the decomposition and coordination idea, the optimal capacity configuration and operation optimization results of energy storage are solved. Taking a certain region in northwest China as the research object, the results show that after configuring energy storage, the consumption rate of new energy increases by nearly 10%, the carbon emission factor of the power grid decreases by more than 3%, and the cost reaches the optimal effect. At the same time, trend prediction is made for the optimal energy storage capacity configuration in the next five years.