Abstract: Coal gangue, a byproduct of coal mining and washing, poses significant environmental risks. Recent advancements in thermochemical treatment technologies have shown promise for its management. Reviews progress in thermochemical treatment of coal gangue, covering combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification, including their characteristics, parameters, product composition, and resource utilization. It also examines co-treatment with coal, biomass, sludge, and other organic wastes, and compares carbon emissions across different technologies. Future research directions are suggested to aid in optimizing treatment and disposal methods.