Abstract: As one of the commonly used acid gas purification methods, rectisol technology is widely used in the coal chemical industry. The CO2 tail gas emitted by the process scrubber contains a large number of light alkanes, olefins, methanol, CO and H2, etc., without much recovery value, and the emission air volume is large, almost oxygen-free, and the inert gas content is high. Although the volume proportion of VOCs is small, the total emission is large, and the direct emission will cause environmental pollution and energy waste. The characteristics of the exhaust gas such as air volume, composition, VOCs concentration, calorific value, and lower explosion limit were analyzed, and the regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO) technology was selected to treat the exhaust gas. The treatment process was modeled in Aspen, including the RTO unit, combustion support system, and heat recovery components. The model is built in strict accordance with the actual engineering experience, and the reasonable modules are selected, and the actual working condition parameters are used as the simulation input parameters; Simplify the combustion process by assuming the reaction to be a first-order reaction, and input the corresponding reaction kinetics parameters. The effects of two important parameters, reaction temperature and residence time in RTO combustion process, on the concentration of VOCs at the outlet and the heat load of the reactor were studied; Compared with the outlet concentration of pollutants after treatment and the emission limits of relevant standards, the emission is up to standard and the purification efficiency is more than 99%. Using the preliminarily established VOCs treatment engineering safety evaluation system, a systematic safety evaluation of the RTO process is conducted, integrating qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative assessments. Analyze potential safety hazards and the causes of accidents, and implement protective measures to reduce the likelihood of serious incidents such as explosions, thereby enhancing process safety.