Abstract: To address the challenges of long treatment processes, high costs, and unstable performance in treating fluoride-containing high-turbidity coal mine drainage in western China, a novel "micro flocculation-ultrafiltration" process was developed. This short-process technology integrates a highly efficient fluoride removal agent and a specialized ultrafiltration membrane to simultaneously remove turbidity and fluoride. The mechanism for simultaneous turbidity and fluoride removal was elucidated, and the effects of key operational parameters, such as coagulant dosage, stirring speed, circulation flow rate, and transmembrane pressure, on process performance were investigated. The stability of the process was also verified. The results indicate that the primary fluoride removal mechanism involves the interaction of calcium-aluminum-silicon-iron polymers, formed by the fluoride removal agent, with free fluoride ions through electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, and complexation reactions, resulting in precipitation and removal. The required coagulant dosage was found to be linearly related to the fluoride ion concentration in the influent（R2?0.95）. Optimal conditions included a stirring speed of 80 r/min, a circulation flow rate of 10 m3/h, and a transmembrane pressure of 0.25 MPa. Under these conditions, the process operated continuously for 85 days, achieving stable and compliant fluoride and turbidity removal. The fluoride concentration was consistently reduced to below 1 mg/L, meeting the Class III limit of the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002), and turbidity was maintained below 1 NTU. Compared to the existing two-stage process that separates turbidity removal and fluoride adsorption, the "micro flocculation-ultrafiltration" process offers advantages such as a shorter treatment flow, smaller footprint, lower cost, higher automation, and more stable performance. This technology enables targeted and efficient treatment of fluoride-containing high-turbidity coal mine drainage.