Abstract: Starting from the hazards of coal dust generated during the coal mining and processing, it was discussed that the wettability of coal dust was an important factor affecting the effectiveness of coal dust prevention and control. The main factors influencing the wettability of coal dust were analyzed: coal dust particle size and particle size distribution, chemical composition, coal metamorphic degree, and surface electricity. The coal seam water injection technology and solution spraying technology based on improving the wettability of coal dust were elaborated, and the mechanism by which surfactants changed the wettability of coal dust was discussed. Meanwhile, the application situations of compounded new surfactants in China were listed. On this basis, it was predicted that future coal dust prevention and control technologies would surely develop in the directions of intelligence, synergy, and environmental protection.