Abstract: Zero-carbon energy has attracted significant attention following the introduction of the dual-carbon goal. Ammonia, as a promising zero-carbon fuel, shows substantial potential for application in gas boilers, gas turbines, industrial kilns and internal combustion power. However, ammonia combustion encounters serious challenges, such as flame instability and excessive pollutant emissions, necessitating the urgent development of efficient and clean combustion technologies for ammonia. The advancement of ammonia combustion technology depends on an accurate understanding of the ammonia combustion pattern, which relies hard on the accurate acquisition of information about the ammonia combustion species, including the local distribution of microscopic groups and the overall concentration of macroscopic products. In recent years, the measurement of ammonia combustion species has become a focal point and a significant challenge in the field of ammonia combustion research. Spectral diagnostic techniques are commonly employed for measuring ammonia combustion species, including laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF), tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), Raman spectroscopy (RS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UV-AS), etc. This paper offers a systematic reviews of the current research status on spectral diagnostic techniques for measuring ammonia combustion species, while also addressing measurement characteristics and persisting challenges in these