Abstract: Rich oil coal possesses the multiple resource attributes of "coal, oil, and gas", and the clean and efficient development of rich oil coal is of great strategic significance for optimizing the energy industry structure. The rich oil coal resources in the Huainan coalfield of Anhui Province are abundant and of high quality, making it the most promising rich oil coal producing area in the East China region. In order to comprehensively and systematically understand the occurrence law and development prospects of rich oil coal in the research area, a large number of sampling tests were conducted. Through microscopic coal petrography analysis, industrial index and low-temperature dry distillation test analysis, elemental analysis, coal facies analysis, comprehensive mapping, it revealed the spatial and temporal distribution law of the tar yield of rich oil coal, as well as the controlling factors and coal-forming environment. The results indicate that the tar yield of rich oil coal is greatly influenced by the composition of coal rock, metamorphic degree, and coal-forming environment. It shows a significant positive correlation with vitrinite group, hydrogen content, volatile matter, CaO-MgO, and Fe2O3-SO3 content, and a negative correlation with coal ash and SiO2-Al2O3 content. The metamorphic degree of rich oil coal in this area belongs to medium coal rank II-III type, with Rmax varying between 0.68% to 1.06%, and the optimal hydrocarbon production range is between 0.68% to 0.95%. It was mainly formed in the humid forest swamp facies under the delta plain, with a strong reducing degree during the coal-forming period. The average variation of tar yield in each mining area is between 9.56% to 11.58%. Spatially, the tar yield of rich oil coal shows a "low in the south, high in the north" distribution pattern, with the central part being high, the eastern part being low, and the western part being moderate. The 13-1 and 11-2 coal seams of the Upper Shihezi Formation are the most favorable segments for the development of rich oil coal. The geological block section method was used to estimate the resource potential of rich oil coal. The resource volume of shallow-rich oil coal at depths shallower than -1500m is approximately 16.336 billion tons, with high-oil coal at 30.81 billion tons. Based on the current utilization of coal, from both the "surface" and "underground" perspectives, it is proposed to achieve the green and low-carbon utilization of rich oil coal through the transformation and upgrading of thermal power, coking, and gasification technologies, as well as drilling and in-situ thermal decomposition underground.