Abstract: Raman spectroscopy,which is sensitive to the carbon material structure order,is one of the technologies commonly used in the characterization of carbon materials. Coal is a complex organic macromolecular composed of a variety of functional groups and chemical bonds and it has the characteristics of high carbon materials. Therefore,Raman spectroscopy is generally used in the analysis of coal structure. Meanwhile,the analysis of coal structure is significant for efficient and clean utilization of coal. This paper introduced the composition and structure of coal first,then summarized the applications of Raman spectroscopy in the research of coal structure pyrolysis and gasification. The application of in situ Raman spectroscopy and coupling technique in coal chemical industry was prospected.